قواعد

Urdu grammar, made simple.

The rules that unlock the language, explained in plain English with Urdu script and Roman pronunciation. No jargon, just the patterns that matter.

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The 10 rules that unlock Urdu

Learn these core patterns and you can build your own sentences, not just memorise phrases. Work through them in order.

Rule 1 · Word order

Urdu sentences end with the verb

Urdu follows a Subject, Object, Verb order. Where English says I eat an apple, Urdu says I an apple eat. Once you expect the verb at the end, sentences click into place.

میں سیب کھاتا ہوںmain seb khata hoonI eat an apple
Rule 2 · Gender

The verb changes for men and women

Urdu verbs and adjectives agree with gender. A man says karta, a woman says karti. It feels strange at first, then becomes automatic.

میں کام کرتا / کرتی ہوںmain kaam karta / karti hoonI work (male / female)
Rule 3 · Possession

Ka, ki, ke all mean “of”

Which one you use depends on the word that follows: ka before masculine, ki before feminine, ke before plurals or for respect.

علی کا بیٹا · علی کی بیٹیAli ka beta · Ali ki betiAli's son · Ali's daughter
Rule 4 · Formality

Urdu has three ways to say “you”

aap is respectful (elders, strangers), tum is casual (friends), and tu is very intimate or informal. When in doubt, use aap.

آپ کیسے ہیں؟aap kaisay hain?How are you? (formal)
Rule 5 · To be

Hoon, ho, hai, hain

The verb “to be” changes with the subject: main hoon (I am), tum ho (you are), woh hai (he/she is), aap/woh hain (respectful/plural are).

میں ٹھیک ہوںmain theek hoonI am fine
Rule 6 · Postpositions

Little words come after the noun

English uses prepositions (in the house); Urdu uses postpositions after the noun: mein (in), par (on), se (from/with), ko (to).

گھر میںghar meinin the house
Rule 7 · Questions

Start with kya, or use a question word

Turn a statement into a yes/no question by adding kya at the front. For open questions use kya, kaun, kahan, kab, kyun, kaise.

کیا آپ اردو بولتے ہیں؟kya aap urdu boltay hain?Do you speak Urdu?
Rule 8 · Negation

Nahi for statements, mat for commands

Put nahi before the verb to make it negative. For a “don't” command, use mat.

میں نہیں جاتاmain nahi jaataI don't go
Rule 9 · Plurals

Masculine words often end in -ay

Many masculine words ending in -a become -ay in the plural (larka → larkay); many feminine words add -ein (kitaab → kitaabein).

لڑکا → لڑکےlarka → larkayboy → boys
Rule 10 · Pronouns

The core set to memorise

main (I), tum / aap (you), yeh (this/he/she near), woh (that/he/she far), hum (we). Urdu often drops the pronoun when it's obvious.

میں · تم · آپ · یہ · وہ · ہمmain · tum · aap · yeh · woh · humI · you · this · that · we
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